Changes

Isaac Newton used calculus to explain gravity about planetary bodies. This helped Newton to develop his theory of gravity more fully. Mathematical laws now became how planetary and celestial motion was understood, leading to the fuller development of the field of physics as well.<ref>For more on the development of telescope development and planetary motion, see : Cole, G. H. A., & Woolfson, M. M. (2013). <i>Planetary science: the science of planets around stars.</i> (2nd ed). Boca Raton: CRC Press.</ref>

Modern astronomy developed in the 19th century, where experiments and further observations led to the understanding of basic chemistry, such as understanding how hydrogen and helium formed the universe's basic components. Major recent advances have focused on understanding the expansion of the universe. This includes understanding the origin of the universe, and the big bang theory became a major discovery. These developments also led to the need for increased developments in various other technologies, including in developing exploratory satellites, telescopes, and computers to process data from a variety of developed sensors.<ref>For more on 19th century and later development in astronomy, see: Krebs, R. E. (2004). <i>Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.</i> Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.</ref>