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In early Sumerian civilization, deriving from ancient Mesopotamia, the gods were seen as living in a garden secluded from humans.<ref>For more on gardens and Sumerian beliefs, see: Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1995. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. 12. [pr.]. Chicago: The Univ. of Chicago Press.</ref> In the story of Gilgamesh, one of the world’s first epic tales, it describes the hero Gilgamesh traveling to a garden to find the Utnapishtim, the equivalent of Noah, who was saved from a great flood by building a large boat to save himself, his family, and various animals.<ref>For more on the Epic of Gilgamesh, see: Sandars, N. K., ed. 1977. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Revised ed., incorporating new material. Penguin Classics. Harmondsworth ; New York [etc.]: Penguin.</ref> As Utnapishtim was allowed to live forever, Gilgamesh travels to see him so that he too can find eternal life. Paradise is also described not just as a place of plants and gardens but also having precious stones and pearls. A very early tablet that discuses the domain of the gods describes it as a garden.<ref>For more on this early tablet from c. 2600 BCE Kish, see: Barton, George Aaron. 1918. ''Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions''. Yale University Press. p. 52.</ref> In different mythologies and stories, potential locations of the gods could be in Mesopotamia, Dilmun (now Bahrain), or in Lebanon. While it is debatable what the region was or where it is in the minds of the Sumerians, it is clearly associated as a peaceful and beautiful setting where the gods reside. <ref>For information on the location of paradise in the minds of Sumerians, see: Luttikhuizen, Gerard P., ed. 1999. Paradise Interpreted: Representations of Biblical Paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Themes in Biblical Narrative, v. 2. Leiden ; Boston: Brill.</ref>
This concept of garden and a sacred place for the gods continued from the 3rd to 1st millennium BCE. In fact, very likely temples built during this time often had gardens within their compounds. <ref>For more on temple gardens, see: Wiseman, D. J. 1983. “Mesopotamian Gardens.” Anatolian Studies 33 (December): 137–44</ref> Although these gardens did not preserve, we often see large spaces between the physical temple structure, in this case example a ziggurat to the god Mardukat Babylon, and an enclosed space with a large wall (Figure 1). This could suggest that the space between these the temple structure and wall was a garden that likely represented the sacred dwellings of the gods and the holy structure inside was the inner sanctuary where the god resided. Additionally, in this garden the concept of a sacred tree is developed in Sumerian mythology. This likely is similar to the Tree of Life found later in the Bible(Figure 2).<ref>For more on the Tree of Life, see: James, E.O. 1966. Tree of Life: An Archaeological Study. Studies in the History of Religion. Brill.</ref>
[[File:Etemenanki plan.png|thumbnail|Figure 1. The Ziggurat at Babylon (Etemenanki), which likely becomes the "Tower of Babel" in the Bible, was also enclosed within a sacred wall that had a likely garden inside.]]
[[File:1574px-Mesopotamian - Barrel-Shaped Cylinder Seal - Walters 42655.jpg|thumbnail|Figure 2. Cylinder seal showing what is likely the Tree of Life developed from Sumerian mythology.]]
==Paradise Developments==
